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proper look-out Proper look-out is not defined in the Rules but has been elaborated upon extensively in court cases. Elements of "proper" include: good two-way communication with helm, no other distracting duties, still required when radar is in use, helmsman might qualify as proper watch in some circumstances, use of binoculars could be crucial, hearing could be as important as seeing, proper combination of instrumental and human watch keeping, etc.

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